| 摘要 |
Shell and tube heat transfer apparatus and a corresponding process of heat transfer employ a fluid flow consisting of non-turbulent boundary-layers (30) adjacent the inner (34) and outer (22) heat exchanger surfaces of the tubes and a non-turbulent core-layer (32) between the boundary-layers and interfacing therewith. Interrupter-structures (28) disposed within the tube and shell flow passes and interrupt the full development of the boundary-layers at a multitude of spaced spots, leaving the heat transfer surfaces unaltered, unmodified and uninterrupted, so that the boundary-layers cannot increase in thickness but will partially separate from the surfaces and mix non-turbulently with the core-layer to effect the required heat transfer between the surfaces and the fluid. The interrupter-structure preferably consists of a plurality of rows of spheres (28), with which the space remote from the heat exchange surface is filled with a space-filling material (58) to prevent the useless flow of fluid in a space not effective for heat transfer. The interrupter structure may also comprise a unitary body (60) of equivalent shape. |
