Electrical system utilizing a concentric collector PNP transistor

摘要

A concentric collector PNP transistor is utilized in electrical circuits to determine when the voltages of different parts of a circuit are very close to each other. The transistor has an emitter zone, an inner collector zone that surrounds the emitter zone and an outer collector zone that surrounds both the emitter zone and the inner collector zone. When the voltage of the emitter is slightly higher than the voltage of the inner collector a signal is developed at the outer collector which is used as a trigger or control signal. An oscillator-voltage doubler circuit and a series pass voltage regulator circuit are disclosed that utilize the concentric collector transistor.