| 摘要 |
Aromatic nitriles are made by the reaction of a nitrogen oxide halide, and (or) a mixture of a nitrogen oxide and a halogenating agent, in the presence of a tertiary amine, or an aromatic compound substituted in the nucleus with a group having the structure -CH2R or a structure tautomeric therewith, R representing a hydrogen or halogen atom or a methyl or nitroso group. Thus, the group -CH2R may represent a methyl, ethyl, chloromethyl or bromomethyl group or a nitrosomethyl group or the oximinomethyl group (-CH:NOH) tautomeric therewith. The aromatic compound may be of the benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene or biphenyl series and may be further substituted by halogen atoms or nitro, cyano, alkoxy, carbalkoxy or higher alkyl groups. If the starting material is a nitroaromatic compound the reaction may involve the replacement of a nitro group by a halogen atom, as in the examples below. The nitrogen oxide halide may be a nitrosyl halide or a nitryl halide. The nitrogen oxide may be nitric oxide, nitrogen trioxide or nitrogen peroxide. The halogenating agent may be a free halogen which may be formed in situ, e.g. from hydrogen chloride or a mixture of hydrogen chloride and nitric acid. Other specified halogenating agents are sulphuryl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, thionyl chloride and N-bromosuccinimide. The preferred tertiary amines, which may be used in only catalytic proportions, are pyridine and its homologues, but other heterocyclic tertiary amines are also specified. The reaction may be effected at 120-240 DEG C. at atmospheric, reduced or raised pressure in the presence or absence of a solvent, a number of which are specified, the gaseous nitrogen oxide halide, or a gaseous mixture of a nitrogen oxide and halogen, preferably being brought into contact with the molten or dissolved aromatic compound. Water is preferably removed from the reaction mixture as it is formed, and the mixture may be irradiated with ultra-violet light. Examples are given in which 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile and minor amounts of 2,6-dichlorobenzal chloride, 2,6 - dichlorobenzyl chloride and 6-chloro-2-nitrobenzonitrile are produced from 6-chloro-2-nitrotoluene under various reaction conditions. An example is given also of the production of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile from 2,6-dichlorobenzyl chloride. Other specified starting materials are toluene, p-xylene, 2- and 4-nitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 6-chloro-2-methoxytoluene, 6-bromo-2 - nitrotoluene and 6 - chloro - 2 - nitrobenzyl chloride. Specification 993,204 is referred to. |
