| 摘要 |
In a multiplicity of separations of substances in the laboratory and in the pilot plant in the laboratory, vacuum distillation and extraction apparatus are used which have a high energy consumption, since, on the one hand, heating must be employed for the evaporation and, on the other hand, cooling must be employed for condensation. Since thermally sensitive substances are frequently involved which must not be exposed to the boiling temperature of the solvent used (in most cases 40 DEG C), a vacuum is generated to reduce the boiling temperature in the distillation equipment. In the equipment for generating cold, vacuum and heat, the potential of a refrigeration system (compressor with refrigerant circulation) is now utilised to make the heat removed on the refrigeration side reavailable to distillation equipment on the heating side. Since the heat output and the maximum temperature attainable (depending on compressor and coolant) are restricted (generally 50-60 DEG C), the built-in vacuum pump is used to decrease the boiling point of higher-boiling solvents. If no vacuum can be used, the heating temperature is increased by the built-in resistance heating. As a result of this and the fact that all components can, at the same time, be used for differing process courses by circulation systems and built-in cold traps in the refrigeration part, the efficiency is further improved via the energy saving, care of the environment, reliability and place-saving.
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