Process and nozzle for producing steel from solid raw materials

摘要

The process for producing steel from solid raw materials, in particular scrap, is carried out in a converter which has side wall nozzles for feeding media below the bath surface. The solid raw materials are preheated and liquefied together with carbonaceous fuels and oxygen by the said nozzles, and the melt is subsequently carburised and refined with oxygen. During the preheating and fusion phase, until at least about 1/4 of the raw materials has been liquefied, this process runs under oxidising conditions, i.e. with an oxygen factor of 1.1 to 1.5, relative to the stoichiometric combustion of the carbonaceous energy carriers introduced. Subsequently, the carbon concentration in the bath is raised to about 2 to 4%, and the melt is refined after the carbon feed has been completed.