Direct gene transfer into plastids and mitochondria.

摘要

The process for introducing DNA comprising one or more genes having a promoter that is functional in plastids or mitochondria directly into plastids or mitochondria in a plant cell protoplast comprises exposing the DNA to the protoplast in a medium in which the DNA penetrates the protoplast and the plastids or mitochondria in the protoplast for a time sufficient to permit such penetration, without exposing the protoplast to a pathogen. Preferably the DNA confers herbicide resistance to chloroplasts.