| 摘要 |
New fuels comprising emulsions of water in at least one hydrocarbon, where: (a) they contain an emulsifying system comprising: (i) a sorbitol ester of the general formula (I) or (I'); where X radicals (identical or different) = OH or R1-COO-, with R1 = 7 - 22C hydrocarbyl (optionally unsaturated), possibly substituted by OH groups, and preferably a fatty cid residue without a terminal carboxyl; where the ester (I) has an HLB of 1 - 9; (ii) a fatty acid ester of general formula (II); where R2 = 7 - 22C hydrocarbyl (optionally unsaturated), possibly substituted by OH groups, and preferably a fatty acid residue without a terminal carboxyl; R3 = 1 - 10C (preferably 2 - 3C) alkylene; n = 6 min (preferably 6 - 30); R4 = H, 1 - 10C alkyl or -CO-R5, where R5 corresponds to R2; where the ester (II) has an HLB of 10 - 15; and (iii) a polyalkoxylated alkylphenol of general formula (III); where R6 = 1 - 20C (preferably 5 - 20C) alkyl; m = 8 minimum (preferably 8-15); R7 and R8 correspond to R3 and R4; where the ester (III) has an HLB of 10 - 15; (b) the emulsifier system has an overall HLB value of 6 - 8 (preferably 6.5 - 7.5); (c) the emulsion is produced in such a manner that the average size of the droplets of dispersed aqueous phase are less than or equal to 3 ~mm (preferably 2 and more preferably 1) with a range less than 1 ~mm. Also claimed, is the procedure and equipment for effecting the emulsions. |
