| 摘要 |
A technique for improving efficiency of error-correction is disclosed for use in a Gray-coded multilevel transmission system and, specifically, in a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) transmission system. To this end, information bits in information bit symbols are converted, i.e., mapped, into error-correction bit symbols having fewer bits than the corresponding information bit symbols. This bit-converting technique permits use of encoders and decoders having a code rate lower than the overall transmission code rate.
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