| 摘要 |
<p>915,215. Nuclear reactors. COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE. Nov. 29, 1960 [Dec. 2, 1959], No. 41019/60. Class 39 (4). In a coolant monitoring system for a nuclear reactor the sampling tubes of the coolant channels are arranged in groups, each group comprising a number of square matrices, the sampling tubes in each matrix being connected to line and column collecting channels which may be connected individually through selector valves to respective line and column header pipes common to all the matrices of a group and connected to line and column fission product detectors respectively; and means are provided for switching the selector valves so as to connect successively each line collecting channel to the line detector and each column collecting channel to the column detector. In Fig. 3 the coolant channels (not shown) are arranged in groups of four matrices (one group containing matrices M 1 -M 4 being shown) each comprising sixteen channels. The sampling pipes of the channels are connected to four column collecting channels A-D and to four line collecting channels a-d connected to respective selector valves Sx and Sy; the valves can connect one or more of their associated channels to header pipes 30, 28 connected respectively to column and line fission product detectors Tx, Ty. The valves are normally operated to monitor the channels in sequence line by line and column by column through the group. If a fault is detected in a line, the line selector valves may remain as they are so that the line is continuously monitored by detector Ty; the particular channel will be identified when the detector Tx indicates the faulty column. Once the faulty channel is located the roles of the two detectors may be reversed periodically to enable an additional fault in the same line or column as the existing fault to be detected; e.g. the detector Ty reverts to searching whilst detector Tx continuously monitors the faulty column. In a modification, Fig. 2 (not shown), an additional set of selector valves parallel to valves Sx are coupled to an additional header pipe connected to a third detector. This third detector can then be used for continuously monitoring a faulty column whilst the other two detectors continue searching. Valves are also provided to enable the third detector to replace either Tx or Ty in ease of failure of either of them. Each detector Tx, Ty may comprise a radiation detector 41x, 41y followed by an amplifier 42x, 42y and a discriminator and counter unit 43x, 43y. The output of units 43x, 43y is fed to comparators 45x, 45y which compare the current radioactivity with that recorded at a reference time in memory units 44x, 44y. The output is recorded in units 47x, 47y and if it is excessive a pulse is sent through lines 32x, 32y. Lines 32x, 32y feed " and " circuits 51x, 51y connected to " not " circuits 52x, 52y as shown so that normally circuits 52x, 52y open the " and " circuits 53x, 53y but close them if there is a pulse on line 32x or 32y respectively. Normally clock pulses from unit 50, occurring for instance once a minute, pass through gates 53x, 53y to units 56x, 56y which rotate their associated drums 54x, 54y by one step. Each drum carries five cams which operate on four sets of contacts which are connected respectively to the operating devices of the selector valves of the four matrices. Thus rotation of each drum causes each associated selector valve in sequence to pass through its four operative positions and return to its inoperative position, thus monitoring the lines or columns as the case may be. On the same shaft as each drum is an indicator drum 64x, 64y which indicates the line or column currently being tested; the shaft also drives through a clutch 66x, 66y a second similar indicator drum 65x, 65y. If a fault is detected in a column, the pulse in line 32x prevents further rotation of drum 54x and the faulty column is indicated on drums 64x and 65x. When the faulty line is detected the line scanning is continued, as " and " circuit 51y is closed by the absence of an input from 52x, but an " and " circuit 67 produces a pulse which disengages clutches 66 (x and y) so that the faulty line is indicated on drum 65y. The drums 54 (x and y) may be out of phase with each other so that the line and column scannings occur in different matrices, e.g. whilst the lines of matrix M 1 are being scanned the columns of matrix M 3 are scanned.</p> |
