| 摘要 |
Prodn. of nitromethane by homogeneous gas phase nitration of methane or a methane-rich hydrocarbon mixt., is carried out under the following conditions: (a) the nitrating agent=HNO3 or NO2; (b) the mol. ratio methane/nitrating agent=0.1-5, esp. 0.2-2; (c) contact time=0.1-120 secs., esp. 1-30 sec; (d) reaction pressure=1-35 bars, pref. 2-10 bars when the nitrating agent is HNO3 and 5-30 bars when the nitrating agent is NO2; and (e) the reaction temp. is 270-600 deg. C esp. 300-480 deg. C. - The nitration reaction may also be carried out in the presence of (A) an active agent (I) used in a molar ratio (I)/methane of at most 3, consisting of a halogen, a hydracid or an organic satd. or unsatd. alkyl or aryl halide which can be vapourised or formed into soln. in an organic or aq. solvent; (B) a cpd. carrying a NO or NO2 gps., an aldehyde, a ketone or an alcohol or (C) an inert material such as N2, CO, CO2, H2, steam or vaporisable organic fluid.
|
