| 摘要 |
A neutron gun is described which combines a novel nuclear ion source of the cold type, which is based on X-ray ionisation, and a novel neutron source, which is likewise cold and operates with nuclear ion production, the neutron formation taking place from the impact of the nuclear ions on a negatively charged anode. On the basis of a novel conversion function, the function of the positive anode becomes analogous to the beta-unstable decay of a neutron. Furthermore, a nuclear ion amplifier and neutron amplifier in the sense of quantity amplification are derived from the beta-unstable neutron decay in order, in particular to increase the power of a gun during pulse operation by using the quantity amplification in the pulse intervals. The methods of construction are simple and cheap and have pure linear-accelerator operation or operation with a circular accelerator and linear pre-acceleration as alternatives. Pure linear operation may be adequate for medical applications, for example for neutron photography as a X-ray replacement, and, in particular, for neutron scalpels in tumour surgery. Mixed linear and circular operation is moving into the foreground for neutron weapons, whose advantage is that they can be used objectively, cheaply, on land, at sea, in the air and in space and, in contrast to nuclear neutron bombs, do not damage the environment.
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