| 摘要 |
A polymer (A) comprises recurring units: <FORM:1052112/C3/1> or (B) is a salt of a polymer (A), or (C) comprises recurring units: <FORM:1052112/C3/2> <FORM:1052112/C3/3> or both, or (D) is a salt of a polymer (C), or (E) is an N-methylolated derivative of a polymer (A), (B), (C), or (D), or (F) is the product obtained by heat-curing a derivative (E). In these formulae, R1 and R4 may together represent a bivalent hydrocarbon group, or each separately may represent a univalent hydrocarbon group or hydrogen; R2 represents hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group or a -(CH2 CH2NH)zH group where z is an integer of 1 to 4; R3 represents hydrogen, halogen or a cyano alkoxycarbonyl or a hydrocarbon group which is free of addition-polymerizable unsaturated groups and may or may not be halogen-substituted; and p is zero or one. The Specification includes lists of suitable radicals. Polymers (A) are made from polymers of acrylonitrile or substituted acrylonitrile or copolymers of these nitriles with other copolymerizable monomers, by reacting them with di- or poly-amines. The Specification includes lists of nitriles, comonomers and amines. The list of comonomers includes vinyl- and isopropenyl-aromatic hydrocarbons, vinyl ethers and esters, vinyl and vinylidene chlorides, anhydrides and esters of unsaturated dibasic and tribasic acids, acrylamide and substituted acrylamides, acrylic, methacrylic, ethacrylic and phenylacrylic acids and their alkyl esters, amino- and ureido-substituted alkyl acrylates and methacrylates, allylamines and allyl-benzene. Polymers (C) are made by the partial or complete hydrolysis of polymers (A). ALSO: A fibrous product, e.g. paper, comprises cellulosic fibres and incorporates a nitrogenous polymer. This polymer (A) comprises recurring units: <FORM:1052112/D1-D2/1> or (B) is a salt of a polymer (A), or (C) comprises recurring units: <FORM:1052112/D1-D2/2> or <FORM:1052112/D1-D2/3> or both, or (D) is a salt of a polymer (C), or (E) is an N-methylolated derivative of a polymer (A), (B) (C) or (D), or (F) is the product obtained by heat-curing a derivative (E). In these formulae, R1 and R4 may together represent a bivalent hydro-carbon group, or each separately may represent a univalent hydrocarbon group or hydrogen; R2 represents hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group or a -(CH2 CH2NH)zH group where z is an integer of 1 to 4; R3 represents hydrogen, halogen or a cyano, alkoxycarbonyl or a hydrocarbon group which is free of addition-polymerizable unsaturated groups and may or may not be halogen-substituted; and p is zero or one. The Specification includes lists of suitable radicals. Polymers (A) are made from polymers of acrylonitrile or substituted acrylonitrile or copolymers of these nitriles with other copolymerizable monomers, by reacting them with di- or poly-amines. The Specification includes lists of nitriles, comonomers and amines. The list of comonomers includes vinyl-and isopropenyl-aromatic hydrocarbons, vinyl ethers and esters, vinyl and vinylidene chlorides, anhydrides and esters of unsaturated dibasic and tribasic acids, acrylamide and substituted acrylamides, acrylic, methacrylic, ethacrylic and phenylacrylic acids and their alkyl esters, amino- and ureidosubstituted alkyl acrylates and methacrylates, allylamines and allylbenzene. Polymers (C) are made by the partial or complete hydrolysis of polymers (A). These polymers, which may be water-soluble, may be added to aqueous slurries of cellulosic fibres, and the resulting slurries then made into paper in conventional machines. They improve wet and dry strength and the retention of fillers and of other, water-insoluble polymers when used with them. They may be added to the slurry either before or after such materials. They may also be used together with other conventional additives such as rosin, rosin soap, pigments and alum. Non-methylolated polymers can be reacted with formaldehyde in the pulp or after partial drying. Methylolated polymers can be cured by heating, particularly with an acid catalyst. Fillers referred to are clay, titanium dioxide and talc. "Other" polymers referred to include those derived from esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids with saturated, unsaturated alicylic and aromatic alcohols and phenols; esters of unsaturated dibasic and tribasic acids; vinyl and vinoxyalkyl esters of carboxylic acids; vinyl ethers, including vinyl ethers of glycol and diglycols; nitriles, amides and N-substituted amides of acrylic and methacrylic acids; vinyl and vinylidene halides; ethylene and styrene. There may also be used copolymers of these with small proportions of unsaturated acids; hydroxyl-containing esters, and amides, and N-methylolamides of acrylic and methacrylic acids; isoprene polymers, neoprene; butadiene polymers and copolymers, e.g. with acrylonitrile; natural latices; and aminoplasts. The slurries may also contain emulsifiers which may be non-ionic, e.g. an alkylphenoxy-polyethoxyethanol, or anionic, e.g. a soap of a fatty acid. |
