| 摘要 |
The title compounds have the general formula: <IMAGE> wherein R1 is a straight-chain hydrocarbon radical C9-C21, R2 is hydrogen, -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2-CH2-OH, <IMAGE> R4, R5, and R6 are each hydrogen and/or CH2-CH2-OH; Me is Na or K. The compounds are prepared from fish-processing industry wastes containing fatty acids and glycerides with an acid number of not more than 50 mg KOH/g, saponification number of 181-192 mg KOH/g and a bromine number of 60-70 g Br/100 g, which are treated at reflux with methanol in the presence of sulphuric acid to give glycerides and methyl esters of fatty acids which are separated and treated with methanol in the presence of sulphuric acid at 50-60 DEG C, an anhydrous fat layer being then separated and boiled with methanol in the presence of an alkali, the resulting methyl esters being separated and treated at 70 to 90 DEG C with alkylolamine in an amount of 25 to 55% by mass of the amount of the methyl esters in the presence of an alkali metal or an amide or an alcoholate thereof as catalyst. The alkylolamides of fatty acids obtained are treated with maleic anhydride at 60 to 90 DEG C to give maleates which are treated with sodium or potassium pyrosulphite and ethanolamine or ammonia at 60 to 90 DEG C in an aqueous medium, followed by separation of the desired product. The compounds are useful as surfactants and washing active substances in detergent compositions. |
