| 摘要 |
Solutions of acrylic polymers suitable for use in coating applications are prepared by (a) dispersion polymerizing an ester or amide of acrylic or methacrylic acid in an organic liquid which is a solvent for the monomer and a non-solvent for the polymer, the reaction being carried out in the presence of a stabilizer for the disperse polymer particles having in its molecule (i) a constituent which becomes associated with the disperse polymer particles and (ii) a constituent having a pendent chain-like structure which is solvated by the organic liquid and provides a stabilizing sheath around the polymer particles; (b) separating the polymer particles from at least the major part of the organic liquid; and (c) dissolving the polymer particles in an organic solvent. Step (b) may be effected by coagulation, centrifugation, filtration, spray-drying, fluidized-bed drying or, preferably, by adding to the polymer dispersion an organic solvent having a higher boiling point than the organic liquid and distilling off the latter. The organic liquid may contain a minor proportion of organic solvent in step (a). Suitable as organic liquids are aliphatic hydrocarbons, e.g. petroleum ether, optionally containing a minor proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons. Toluene, toluene/acetone, toluene/acetone/ethoxyethyl acetate/methyl cyclohexanone, and ethylene dichloride/ethyl alcohol are exemplified as organic solvent. Mixtures of acrylic esters and amides may be copolymerized, and the esters may also be copolymerized with other monomers, e.g. methacrylic acid, itaconate esters, maleate esters and allyl compounds. The stabilizer is preferably a block or graft copolymer as described, for example, in Specifications 1,052,241, 941,305, 934,038; it may be formed in situ during step (a). Exemplified stabilizers are (a) polymethyl methacrylate/lauryl methacrylate graft copolmer; (b) a copolymer of lauryl and glycidyl methacrylates, the glycidyl groups being reacted with methacrylic acid, to which was grafted in situ methyl methacrylate and (c) a copolymer of methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid and the reaction product of glycidyl methacrylate and poly-12-hydroxystearic acid. Step (a) is effected using an initiator such as azodiisobutyronitrile and, if desired, a chain transfer agent, e.g. alkyl mercaptans having 4-10 carbon atoms; the reactants including the stabilizer may be added in increments during polymerization. For coating, plasticizers and pigments may be added to the final polymer solutions, e.g. dicyclohexyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate and titanium dioxide.ALSO:Solutions suitable for coating substrates such as steel panels are prepared by dispersion polymerising an amide or ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid in an organic liquid which is a non-solvent for the polymer and in the presence of certain polymeric dispersion stabilisers (see Division C3), then separating the polymer particles from the organic liquid and dissolving them in an organic solvent. Suitable solvents include toluene, toluene/acetone, toluene/acetone/ethoxyethyl acetate/methyl cyclohexanone, and ethylene dichloride/ethyl alcohol. Mixtures of acrylic esters and amides may be copolymerised, and the esters may also be copolymerised with other monomers, e.g. methacrylic acid, itaconate esters, maleate esters and allyl compounds. Plasticisers, e.g. dicyclohexyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate, and pigments, e.g. titanium dioxide, may be included in the coating solutions. In Examples, coating is effected by spraying. The steel panels may have been precoated with acrylic, alkyd, urea-or melamine-formaldehyde resins. |
