Hydrogenation of undissolved coal and subsequent liquefaction of the hydrogenated coal

摘要

A process which includes the hydrogenation of undissolved coal and the subsequent liquefaction of the hydrogenated coal for the provision of useful products including naphtha, petroleum and diesel fuels. These low-boiling hydrocarbon liquids are prepared by the process which is characterised by the following stages: (a) mixing solid coal particles with a solvent originating from coal in a solvent/coal ratio in the range from about 8:1 to about 1.5:1 to prepare a flowable coal/oil suspension of the solid coal particles; (b) passing the coal/oil suspension and hydrogen upwards through a first reaction zone which contains a liquid originating from coal in a catalytic bed composed of a particulate catalyst and which is held at a temperature in the range from about 200 to 370 DEG C (400 to 700 DEG F) and at a hydrogen partial pressure from 7 to 140 bar (100 to 2000 psig) for a period which is sufficient to hydrogenate the solid coal particles; (c) removing a considerable part of the coal/oil suspension which contains the hydrogenated coal particles from the first reaction zone and passing the coal/oil suspension to a second reaction zone having a catalytic bed which is held at a temperature of between about 370 and about 450 DEG C (700 to 850 DEG F) and at a hydrogen partial pressure from 0 to 140 bar (0 to 2000 psig) to ... Original abstract incomplete.