| 摘要 |
According to the invention, a steam engine cycle is specified by means of which it is possible to convert heat completely into mechanical work and thus to surpass the known "CARNOT thermal efficiency" for heat engines. According to the working principle, the kinetic energy of the exhaust steam jet emerging from the expansion machine (e.g. the steam turbine) is used in order - in accordance with the Joule/Thomson effect - to achieve an at least partial condensation of the exhaust steam via a steam jet refrigerating machine or a refrigerating machine with precooling (such as are known, for example, in gas liquefaction systems for low operating pressure and of high absorptivity, e.g. after Kapitza). A residual steam component which is thereby not condensable is raised by means of a heat pump, connected in parallel towards the end of the cycle, to a temperature above the temperature of the already condensed exhaust steam component, and the heat of condensation is transferred to the already deposited condensate (= artificially generated, so-called "discharging heat container"). Thereafter, the two condensate components are each pumped back separately into the boiler or evaporator. The differential work from the expansion work thereby obtained and the heat pump work expended, including feed pump work, can be profitably removed to the outside. The differential work removed is equivalent to the heat absorbed from the cycle on the primary side. Consequently, for each thermodynamic temperature gradient that is present, and in each useful temperature range, the thermal efficiency is theoretically always 100% and constant: eta th, cycle = 1 = constant. By comparison with present thermal power stations, it is possible with the aid of the specified steam engine cycle to save primary energy of the order of magnitude of the previous losses of heat of condensation (approximately 50% of the energy carrier, such as coal and nuclear fission materials in conjunction with the same power station output and approximately the same investment costs. The diminished primary energy consumption is also attended by a reduction of the same extent in the emission of pollutants which is caused by firing of coal or nuclear fission.
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