| 摘要 |
<p>Compsn. and process are claimed for removing, prior to upqradinq, sludges accumulated from hydrocarbons in storage and transport vessels. The compsn. comprises (a) pref. 80-90 wt.% of a solvent comprising (i) 8-12C aliphatic hydrocarbons (pref. 2-3 pts.) and (ii) one or more halogenated hydrocarbons of the benzene or naphthalene series (1 pt.); and (b) a demulsifier and dispersant, either (iii) ethoxylated and alkylated 1,3-diaminopropane, or (iv) a quaternary ammonium thiocyanate or halide. The compsn. is dissolved at a concn. of 2-10 wt.% in a hydrocarbon, and the mixt. (I)projected onto the sludge to fluidise it. Pref. 40% of (i) is 9-11C. In (iii), (n+n'+n") is pref. 3-9, esp. 7; and R is 12-18C alkyl or alkenyl. Where (iv) is a thiocyanate, R1R2R3R4NNCs, R1=R2=methyl, R3=benzyl, and R is benzyl or 1-18C alkyl. (I) is added at 5-100 (pref. 10-30) vol.% of the sludge. It is projected at the sludge at a rate of 20-150 cu.m/h. and a pressure of 2-15 bar, and the soln. of sludge is recycled to the vessel so long as its viscosity is not too high. The operation is performed under N2 or CO2. The soln.of sludge is processed by normal refinery operations. The sludges are dissolved quickly and safely, solids are suspended, and water-oil emulsions are broken. Normal upgrading of the sludge is not interfered with, and downstream catalysts are not poisoned.</p> |
