| 摘要 |
The invention relates to a method and to an arrangement for detecting very low, additional nuclear radiation loading exceeding the natural background nuclear radiation loading in the environmental monitoring of nuclear installations. In order also still to be able reliably to detect very low, additional radiation loading given a relatively high background, a first nuclear radiation detector is arranged at a measurement site, for example in the immediate vicinity of installations to be monitored, and at the same time a second nuclear radiation detector is used at a comparison site, for example at a relatively large distance from the installations to be monitored, or shielded against the radiation of these installations. The first nuclear radiation detector measures the background plus the additional radiation from the nuclear installation, and the second nuclear radiation detector measures only the background. The measurements are performed simultaneously over a relatively large period, so that it is possible to determine evaluatable, statistical distributions of the measured pulse rates, as well as mean values and variances as further parameters. The significant deviations of the parameters determined are established with the aid of the methods, known per se, of statistics, such as significance tests and non-hypothesis tests.
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