| 摘要 |
The invention relates to a hydraulic press for the forming of workpieces of metal, in particular metal sheets. The press has a rubber cushion and a solid die. The rubber cushion is arranged exchangeably in a receptacle. The solid die can be lowered by means of the press drive into the rubber cushion during the working stroke, deforming the workpiece, to be precise at specific pressures of over 1500 bar. The individual, exchangeable rubber cushions comprise a plurality of rubber cushion elements arranged in layers. Provided in this case are cushions of which the rubber cushion elements have a hardness of about 100 Shore and a thickness of about 200 mm, total cushion thickness 400 mm, and more. At least one of the exchangeable rubber cushions is, however, designed as a membrane cushion. Such a membrane cushion has a working membrane facing the workpiece and a liquid and/or quasi-liquid backing, the backing being supported in the receptacle. The solid die can be lowered, possibly by switching-over the press drive, into this membrane cushion at a specific pressure of 1000 bar or less. The liquid may be water, hydraulic fluid or the like. The quasi-liquid backing may be made up of a gel, for example based on polyurethane or silicone, which behaves virtually like a liquid upon lowering the solid die into the working membrane.
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