Hybrid storage cell, vehicle and power storage unit employing same, smart grid vehicle system employing vehicle, and power supply network system employing power storage unit

摘要

Provided is a hybrid storage cell that can prevent overcharge, despite lacking an expensive protection switch or other device adapted to deal with high current or high voltage, in order to proactively prevent rupture or ignition of lithium ion storage cells or other organic solution storage cells in the event of unforeseen overcharging. The cell comprises a plurality of series-connected virtual cells (32) of parallel-connected organic solution storage cells (24A) and aqueous solution storage cells (26A), the organic solution storage cells and the aqueous solution storage cells having closely approximating average discharge voltages. The overcharge threshold voltage of the organic solution storage cells is designed to be higher than the final discharge voltage of the aqueous solution storage cells, and the final discharge voltage of the organic solution storage cells to be lower than the final discharge voltage of the aqueous solution storage cells. In the event that the organic solution storage cells of a virtual cell are exposed to overcharge energy that could lead to overcharge, the energy is absorbed by a hydrogen-generating reaction of the aqueous solution storage cells, holding the discharge voltage of the virtual cell to the final discharge voltage of the aqueous solution storage cells, and preventing the organic solution storage cells from reaching the overcharge threshold voltage.

主权项

1. A hybrid storage battery comprising a plurality of virtual batteries connected in series to each other and each virtual battery comprising an organic solution based battery using an organic solution as electrolyte that is connected in parallel to an aqueous solution based battery using a aqueous electrolyte as electrolyte, wherein:
the organic solution based battery and the aqueous solution based battery of each virtual battery have average discharging voltages approximate to each other, and are so designed that a potentially overcharging voltage of the organic solution based battery is higher than a final charging voltage of the aqueous solution based battery and a final charging voltage of the organic solution based battery is lower than the final charging voltage of the aqueous solution based battery; the organic solution based battery of each virtual battery becomes overcharged if it is charged beyond its final charging voltage, and gets into a dangerous state if it is charged beyond its potentially overcharging voltage, and the aqueous solution based battery of each virtual battery becomes overcharged if it is charged beyond its final charging voltage; and when each of the plurality of virtual batteries is supplied with sufficient overcharging energy to get the organic solution based battery to become overcharged, the aqueous solution based battery carries out a hydrogen evolving reaction to absorb the overcharging energy so that a charging voltage of the virtual battery is suppressed to the final charging voltage of the aqueous solution based battery, thereby preventing the organic solution based battery from reaching its potentially overcharging voltage, and wherein the organic solution based battery and the aqueous solution based battery are so designed that the average discharging voltage of the organic solution based battery lies between the final charging voltage of the aqueous solution based battery and the average discharging voltage of the aqueous solution based battery.