| 摘要 |
A cascade solar fluid heater, with optional cross flow, provides direct solar heating of fluids using total internal reflection at the fluid free surface to trap radiation and enhance absorption. A highly absorbing material is formed into a continuous cascade or waterfall arrangement of collecting channels down which the fluid flows. Absorption of incident radiant enery is improved by designing the channels so that reflected radiation is totally internally reflected at the free surface of the fluid so that the radiation impinges again on the absorbing surface. The angle of the collection surface is determined as a function of the angle of incidence, and optimum performance is provided for any angle of incidence less than the selected design value. The system can be designed optionally for any geographical latitude.
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