| 摘要 |
941,600. Handling devices for use in nuclear reactors. COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE. July 26,1962 [Aug. 16, 1961], No. 28840/62. Heading G6C. A machine for loading elements of large and small diameter into the fuel channels of a nuclear reactor whose channels each comprise a central portion of a relatively small diameter and at least one outer portion of relatively large diameter opening into the reactor loading base, said machine comprising a tube of an external diameter to fit the outer channel portions and of internal diameter equal to the small channel diameter, said tube being axially slidable in a passage of said machine from a position within said passage to a position within the outer channel portion, a rod of a size to be slidable within the tube and central fuel channel portion, grapple means on the ends of both the tube and the rod, and means for moving said rod and. -tube with respect to said passage, and said rod with respect to said tube. The elements referred to are fuel elements and dummy fuel elements to be fitted in the small diameter portion of the channels, and shielding slugs and closure plugs to fit the large diameter channel portion. Machine details. Referring to Fig. 1, the grapple tube passage comprises a tube 15 and a bore 60 in a magazine 61 rotated by a motor 58. The grapple tube passage is surrounded by lead or concrete shielding 14 situated adjacent the reactor end face 12 on which can be seen the fuel channel end caps 13. One such fuel channel is shown in section and comprises a large diameter outer portion 2 containing plug 11 and a shielding slug 10, and a small diameter inner portion 1 containing dummy fuel elements 9 for shielding and fuel elements 8. The larger diameter is 1.3 to 1.5 times the smaller diameter. Coolant passes along the fuel channel and leaves it through an outlet conduit 4. At the end of the charging machine remote from the reactor is a housing containing a winch 29 having a pair of drums, a winch motor 30, and a hydraulic inlet 32. The hydraulic fluid is used for driving the grapple rod and tube forward and is preferably identical to the reactor cooling fluid although at a higher pressure. Provision may be made for controlled leakage of this fluid from the grapple tube passage (e.g. through 39, Fig. 5) and then into the reactor fuel element channel in order to cool the grapple actuating mechanism. With reference to Fig. 4, the grapple tube passage is extended from a flange on the magazine casing 61 by means of a tube 47 held in place by a bellows 48 which enables the tapered end of the tube 47 to correctly engage the channel end cap 13 in spite of minor errors in the axial alignment and proximity of the charging machine. A leak discovery circuit 54-55 provide information regarding the correctness of the mating achieved. Referring now to Figs. 1 and 5,the two cables from the winch 29 pass through the grapple tube to the grapple rod 18. Cable 33 is used for retracting the extended grapple tube and rod, and cable 34 actuates the grapple mechanism 36 (not shown in detail) via lever 37 and rod 38. The grapple tube 17 is slidably sealed to the grapple tube passage 16 by means of p.t.f.e. or like annular rings 19, 20 and the grapple rod is similarly sealed to the grapple tube by rings 26. The left hand end of the grapple rod is flexibly mounted on a diaphragm 40 and springs 27 thus enabling the axial movements associated with grappling contact with elements to be sensed by a displacement controller 28. If the withdrawal cable 34 breaks, then a predetermined acceleration to the right of the grapple tube and/or rod will take place, and this will cause spring biased pawls 41 on the grapple tube and similar pawls 46 on the grapple rod to be displaced rearwards, thus locking their respective carriers against further displacement. Machine operation. The machine is aligned and the flexible tube 47 applied to the fuel channel cap 13. Air is evacuated from the tube 47 through connection 67 and valves 64, 65 on either side of the magazine opened. With the magazine barrel rotated to align the through hole 60 with the grapple tube passage, the winch 29 is set to unwind and the hydraulic pressure constantly applied through inlet 32 drives both the grapple tube and grapple rod into contact with the fuel channel closure plug 11. The rod grapple 36 is actuated by cable 34 to release the plug from the reactor fuel channel and attach it to the hooking groove 17a of the grapple tube. (Thus it is to be noted that although the grapple tube and the grapple rod are each engagable with elements of their respective diameters,the grapple actuating means carried by the grapple rod serves to actually connect elements to both grapples). The winch 29 is driven to withdraw the grapple rod until it abuts shoulder 35 in the grapple tube and then also the grapple tube and closure plug until all are withdrawn to the left of the magazine. The magazine is rotated to align one of the storage chambers 59 with the grapple tube passage, and the winch set to unwind and the plug deposited in the chamber 59. The large diameter protection slugs are removed and stored in the same way. The small diameter protection slugs 9 are removed and stored in a similar way, except that, as seen in Fig. 4, the grappling rod is extended beyond the grappling tube and attaches the slugs 9 to itself; this procedure is also used when unloading spent fuel elements from the reactor. New fuel elements positioned in chambers 59 of the magazine are inserted in the reactor fuel channels using the method above in reverse. The use of pressure actuated insertion and cable withdrawal of the grapples may be replaced by screw and nut, chain, or rack actuation. Fluid pressurised false channels are provided in the reactor for housing new and used fuel elements. In a modification, provision is made for moving the working parts of the charging machine axially to engage the fuel channel caps without having to also move the heavy shielding of the machine. |
