| 摘要 |
Dialysis machine (10) adapted for operation with a negative-pressure-type dialyzer (12, 200). The machine (10) includes a flow system (14, 16, 26, 34, 36, 100, 46, 48, 52, 56, 58) having a negative pressure pump (56) for drawing fresh dialysis solution through a dialyzer (12, 200) under a controllable negative pressure and for discharging spent dialysis solution to a drain (58). A flow reversing valve system (100, 102, 104, 106, 108) is positioned in the flow system for cooperation with the dialyzer (12, 200) to selectively control the direction of dialysis solution flow within the dialyzer (12, 200) in either a first direction or a second reverse direction. The flow reversing valve system (100) is operative in a first mode to control direction of flow to and from the dialyzer in a first direction and in a second mode to reverse the direction of flow. The dialysis machine (10) also includes a very effective degassing system (16, 18, 20, 22, 56) which minimizes gas build-up on the dialysis solution side of the dialyzer (12, 200) so that when a hollow-fiber dialyzer (12) is used the normal dialysis solution flow is in a downward direction and blood flow is in an upward direction. The flow reversing system (100) may be integral with the machine (10) or may be a separate component for use with machines that do not include an integral or built-in flow reversing system. Finally, a method is disclosed herein for operating such a system which avoids the previous requirements for positioning and repositioning of the dialyzer during dialysis set-up. |
