| 摘要 |
Novel onium surfactants are described which correspond to the formula X[(CH2CH2O)-mCH2-R-CHR'-Q(+)A(-)]n, wherein X is an n-valent hydrophobic radical derived by the removal of n-atoms of active hydrogen from an organic compound; m is one or more; R is a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon radical of from 6 to about 14 carbon atoms, the chain-length of which may be interrupted by oxygen or sulfur atoms; R' is hydrogen or methyl and is methyl only when R is m- or p-phenylene; Q(+) is a quaternized atom of nitrogen or phosphorus or a tertiary atom of sulfur; A(-) is a compatible anion; and n is from 1 to 5. The following compound is an example C9H19-C6H4-O-CH2CH2O-15CH2-C6H4-CH2-S(+)-CH3)2Cl(-). The novel surfactants are prepared in two steps. In step 1, various nonionic surfactants are reacted with certain chloromethylated aromatics in the presence of a strong base to give novel intermediates which are subsequently reacted in step 2 with tertiary amines, pyridines, tertiary phosphines, sulfides, thiourea etc. to give the onium surfactants.
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