| 摘要 |
Phosphate-free washing compsn. contains (i) 20-65 wt.% insoluble, finely-divided, synthetic, crystalline, hydrated aluminosilicate (I) of formula 0.7-1.5 M2O.Al2O3. 1.3-4.0 SiO2 (dry form) (M = Na or K); (ii) 5-30 wt.% >=1 synthetic anionic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant and opt. foam inhibitors, and (iii) 1-7 (esp. 2-3) wt.% solid, powdered silicate (II) of formula Na2O. 2-2.2 SiO2 with moisture content 15-23 (18-21) wt. %. Formulation is a mixt. of >=2 powder components, (A) prepd. by heat-drying an aq. slurry of (I), surfactant (otp. without some or all of the nonionic) plus opt. water-soluble complexing builders, and (B) contg. (II), opt. together with complexing builders, nonionic surfactants sensitive heat-drying or other components sensitive to hydrolysis and temp. (I) has Ca binding power at 22 degrees C of 50-200 (100-200) mg CaO/g dry material. (II) has solubility in water >=75 (>=85) wt.% after 1 min.; >=95% after 3 min. and 100% after 25 min. (measured using 95 g water and 5 g (II) stirred at 20 degrees C at 180-200 rpm). Used for washing textiles esp. at the boil. Complete replacement of phosphates is possible and (II), which inhibits corrosion, does not leave residues on the textiles. The amt. of water-softening complexing agents needed is small reducing waste water pollution problems. |
