| 摘要 |
Aromatic hydrocarbons may be alkylated or transalkylated, isoparaffins may be alkylated, and olefins polymerized using a catalyst prepared by treating a fluorine-containing refractory inorganic oxide composite having a Hammett acidity function value of less than -8.2 with a substantially anhydrous oxygen-free inert gas at a temperature between 450 DEG and 700 DEG C. The preferred oxide is alumina, and the fluorine content of the catalyst may be 2-12% by weight of the oxide. Suitable conditions are indicated for each type of reaction. Compounds which may be alkylated include benzene, lower and higher alkyl-benzenes, diphenyl, diphenyl methane, naphthalene, alkylnaphthalenes, anthracene, phenanthrene, naphthacene and rubrene; and the alkylating reactants include olefins, polyolefins, acetylenes, alcohols, ethers, esters, alkyl halides, alkyl sulphates, and alkyl phosphates. A combined alkylation/transalkylation/separation process may be carried out using the above catalyst, in which effluent from an alkylation reaction and comprising unreacted aromatic, monoalkylated aromatic and polyalkylated aromatic, is fractionally distilled to recover the required monoalkylated aromatic, and the remaining unreacted and polyalkylated aromatics are then passed to a transalkylation zone where more monoalkylated aromatic is produced, the effluent from this zone being combined with the alkylation effluent and fractionally distilled together therewith. Polymerization reactions may be carried out on mono-, di- and cyclo-olefins, particularly to form gasoline from propylene and butylenes, and propylene trimer, tetramer and pentamer. Examples relate to: (6)-(10) transalkylation of benzene and diisopropyl benzene to cumene, including a combined process as described above; (11) alkylation of benzene with ethylene; (12) alkylation of benzene with refinery off-gas containing 10% ethylene; (13), (16) and (18) polymerization of a propane-propylene mixture to propylene trimer and tetramer; and (17) polymerization of a butane-butylene mixture to octenes.ALSO:A hydrocarbon condensation catalyst comprises a fluorine-containing refractory inorganic oxide composite which has been treated with a substantially anhydrous oxygen-free gas at a temperature of between 450 DEG C. and 700 DEG C., and which before the treatment had a Hammett acidity function value less than -8.2. The catalyst may contain from 2% to 12% by weight of fluorine. Silica and silica-alumina catalysts are exemplified; also mentioned are silica-alumina-magnesia; silica-magnesia; silica-zirconia; alumina - zirconia; alumina - boria; zirconia; titanium oxide. The composite may be calcined in air at a temperature above 400 DEG C. before treatment. The oxygen-free gas is preferably nitrogen or hydrogen; also mentioned are helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon. |
