| 摘要 |
1,220,373. Distillation apparatus, multiple-effect type; desalination of sea water. UNIVERSAL DESALTING CORP. 9 April, 1968 [12 April, 1967], No. 17041/68. Heading B1B. Seawater, or other liquid, is distilled in a multiple-effect apparatus comprising bundles of horizontal tubes 1, the bundles being stacked one above another, wherein the preheated seawater, supplied from the top distributing pan 4, flows down over the outer surfaces of the tubes. Heating vapour, such as steam exhausted from a turbine, is supplied through pipe 21 into the tubes of the uppermost bundle. The tubes of each lower bundle are heated by steam which has been evolved from the seawater flowing over the tubes of the preceding bundle, this steam flowing to the tubes via demisters 25, chambers 23, passages 24 and distributing chamber 6. The condensate, i.e. desalinated water, formed in the tubes of each bundle (except the top one), flows together with uncondensed vapour into a chamber 7 which contains a heat-exchanger 11, wherein the residual vapour is condensed. The lowermost effect IX is divided into two separate liquidflow sections. Seawater to be desalinated is de-aerated and then passed through pipe 12 and over the tubes of effect IX-B where it is heated to boiling (at the low pressure prevailing in effect IX). The seawater is then pumped through pipe 16 and the U-tubes of heat-exchangers 11 to the top pan 4, whence the seawater flows through orifices over the tubes of the uppermost bundle. The seawater dripping off these tubes is received by collector 5, and then flows through conduit 17 and manifold 18 into the distributing pan 4 of the second effect. In order to preserve a pressure-differential between successive effects, a valve 19 is provided in each conduit 17. Effects VIII and IX are of larger volume than the preceding effects. Seawater from effect VIII flows to effect IX-A. Steam produced in effects IX-A and IX-B is led to condenser 26 which is cooled by seawater led in through inlet 27a and discharged through outlet 27b. Concentrated seawater leaves effect IX-A through pipe 20. The condensate collected in the chamber 7 of effect II flows through valve 30 to a tank 29 where it flows over weir 29a and partially flashes into vapour. The vapour flows into chamber 23b. The condensate flows through valve 32 to the flash tank 29 of the next effect. The cooled condensate flows from the flash tank of the last effect through conduit 33 into the chamber 34 of condenser 26, and is withdrawn as product through line 35. Air is removed from each chamber 7 via a Venturi-type nozzle leading to a common line connected to a vacuum pump. In a modified apparatus, the vapour from the last effect is compressed, and then used to heat the tubes of the first effect. The compressor may be driven by a turbine actuated by steam withdrawn from one or more of the effects. |
