| 摘要 |
A substrate (34) of the liquid crystal cell is provided with a coating (42) which forms an electrode of the cell. The coating (42) has a surface, microprocessed by an ion beam, in the form of ridges (44) or ribs (48) and valleys (52). The microprocessed surface is provided with an aligning means (46, 50) e.g. lecithin, silanes or stearate, which effects a perpendicular or approximately perpendicular alignment of the adjacent liquid crystal molecules in the off state of the cell (Fig. 3, 4). <IMAGE>
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