| 摘要 |
Lubricant and metal working compositions comprise as an essential ingredient a copolymer preferably block, of ethylene and alpha-alkyl styrene, e.g. alpha-methylstyrene. The copolymers may be terminated with tert.-amine groups which may be in the form of salts with HCl, HBr, or H2SO4. The quaternary ammonium compounds can be used as emulsifiers for water-oil emulsions. The viscosity index of oils can be improved by incorporating therein 0.01 to 20% by weight of the copolymer. The oil compositions may also include other oxidation stabilizers such as 2,6-ditertbutyl-4-methyl phenol, 4,41 - methylene bis(2,6 - ditertbutyl phenol), dibenzyl disulphide, didodecyl sulphide, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, and antiscuffing agents, e.g. organic phosphates, phosphites, phosphonates and their thioderivatives such as C3 to C18 alkyl phosphites, or phosphonates, and tricresyl phosphate. The addition of 1% of the following copolymers to a mineral oil increases the viscosity index from 70 to 120. The specified copolymers are block copolymers of ethylene and alpha-methyl styrene, and such copolymers containing groups derived from trimethylamine, a mixture of N-methyl morpholine and triethylene diamine, N-ethyl morpholine, and a 50/50 mixture of trimethyl- and triethyl-diamine, and the hydrochlorides of these groups.ALSO:Copolymers particularly block of alpha-alkyl styrene and ethylene are made by copolymerizing the monomers in the presence of an organolithium catalyst and a solvent at -100 DEG to 50 DEG C. Block copolymers are formed by effecting the polymerization of an alpha-styrene at a pressure below 5000 p.s.i. and a temperature -100 DEG to 0 DEG C., increasing the pressure to above 5000 p.s.i. and polymerizing the ethylene. The process may also be effected by first polymerizing ethylene under the above conditions, reducing temperature and pressure and polymerizing the alpha-alkyl styrene. The solvent may be a tertiary amine which functions as a co-catalyst and co-reactant, e.g. amino groups are introduced into the copolymer, preferably as chain terminators. The solvent may be an inert liquid hydrocarbon and/or an oxygen-, or sulphur-containing liquid. The catalyst may be ethyl, n or iso-butyl, octyl, phenyl, or naphthyl lithium, or a lithium adduct of 1,1-diphenyl ethylene, stilbene, alpha-methyl styrene, 1,5-dilithio-pentane, or 1,6-dilithio-hexane. Suitable amines are the usual C1 to C4 alkyl tertiary amines, and heterocyclic amines such as N-methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or phenyl morpholine, N-alkyl piperidine, or N-alkyl pyrrolidone. Inert solvents are preferably di-C1 or C2 alkyl ethers, dioxane, diethyl ether of diethylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene oxide and diphenylene oxide, diethyl sulphide, tetrahydrothiophene, benzene, toluene, and heptane. The copolymers containing tertiary amino-groups may be converted into salts by dispersing the copolymers in an inert hydrocarbon solvent and reacting the dispersion with a dilute acid. The preferred alpha-styrene is alpha-methyl styrene. |
