| 摘要 |
A gaseous phase reaction method of cracking a hydrocarbon comprises feeding the hydrocarbon in the gaseous phase to a compressing means including at least one movable compressing member, propelling said compressing member through motions which adiabatically compress the geseous hydrocarbon fed to said compressing means, such adiabatic compression being effected in the absence of combustion oxygen and the compression raising the temperature and pressure of the gaseous hydrocarbon to a level sufficient to cause thermal cracking of the hydrocarbon and the formation of cracked hydrocarbon products, and thereafter adiabatically expanding the cracked hydrocarbon products to cool the same and lower the pressure, the cracked hydrocarbon products thereafter being recovered. The hydrocarbon feed may be admixed with steam prior to compression and the energy released by adiabatic expansion of the cracked hydrocarbon products may be used to compress feed hydrocarbon which may be preheated by indirect heat exchange with the cracked hydrocarbon products. Apparatus used may comprise in combination a conventional compressor and a gas turbine or alternatively an internal combustion engine. The following processes are referred to: naphtha thermal cracking, manufacture of styrene from ethylbenzene; manufacture of benzene by dealkylation of cyclized kerosine; manufacture of ethylene and butadiene by fission of cyclohexane, and the manufacture of pure benzene and toluene from crude benzene. In Fig. 1 (not shown) naphtha is preheated in heat exchanger (7) supplied with hydrocarbon products from turbine (4), mixed with steam from steam turbine (6) and is then heated to about 450 DEG C. in superheater (1). The naphtha-steam mixture is adiabatically compressed in compressor (2) to 46 atmospheres and 800 DEG C. and is fed to cracking furnace (3) and then to turbine (4) for adiabatic expansion and cooling to 450 DEG C. and atmospheric pressure. The cracked hydrocarbon products are finally passed through naphtha feed heat exchanger (7), feedwater heat exchanger (8) and purification unit (9) and contain chiefly, ethylene, propylene, butylene, methane and ethane.
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