System for decreasing resistance to flow of crude oil up from a well or through a pipeline

摘要

Mechanisms are disclosed comprising means for mixing only water with crude oil at temperatures above 32 DEG F. until the inversion point is crossed where a lower viscosity emulsion consisting of oil-in-water is formed for reducing resistance to flow of crude oil up from deep in a well to the surface, or through a pipeline. This oil-in-water emulsion consists of, by volume, 5 percent to 15 percent oil and 95 percent to 85 percent water, respectively.