| 摘要 |
1,171,573. Safety steering columns. EATON YALE & TOWNE Inc. 16 Feb., 1968 [17 Feb., 1967], No. 7734/68. Heading B7H. [Also in Division F2] A steering assembly for a vehicle comprises a steering shaft member 24 carrying a steering wheel 30, support means for supporting the steering shaft member and steering wheel in a predetermined position and preferably explosive fluid pressure means for effecting movement of the steering shaft from the predetermined position. The steering wheel may be moved by the fluid pressure either towards or away from the bottom end of the assembly. In a first embodiment, an explosive charge 48 is disposed in a chamber 44, formed between a housing 32 and an annular flange 42 secured thereto and an upper steering shaft part 20 and a piston 46 secured thereto, and in a collision of a vehicle including the steering assembly the charge is set off moving the piston 46, steering shaft part 20 and steering wheel 30 outwards relative to the housing 32 and a lower steering shaft part 22 until a conical portion 50 of the shaft part 20 engages and wedges within the flange 42. A deformable part 52 of the housing is collapsible to absorb energy when a driver is thrown against the steering wheel whether or not the explosive charge has been set off. The steering assembly in Fig. 5 is shortened by the explosive charge 98 which acts on an outwardly extending portion 96 of a housing sleeve 90. The steering shaft comprises two parts 70, 72 joined by shearable pins 74 and energy is absorbed by the folding back of portions 88 of a metal tube mounted coaxially of the sleeve 90. To facilitate the folding back of the portions 88, which comprise U-shaped outwardly extending- tabs secured to the sleeve 90 before deformation, the tube is provided with longitudinal grooves 92 (Fig. 7) where the tube tears on deformation. In Fig. 11, a further embodiment is shown which has a deformable energy-absorbing member 125 at the top of the housing 100 and a conical section 134 at the bottom of the lower shaft part 110 on which the originally cylindrical end 136 of the upper shaft part 108 wedges to prevent rebound of the steering wheel when the explosive charge 124 has moved it downwards. As shown in Fig. 14, the steering assembly comprises shearable connections 162, 170 and 178 respectively between the two shaft portions 160 and 161, the housing portions 166, 168 and tubular gear change members 172 and 174. A snap ring 181 normally retains the piston 180 on the shaft portion 161, but, should the lower end of the shaft portion 161 be stopped by a steering box before the upper end 194 of the shaft portion 160 wedges on the conical portion of the shaft portion 161 when the explosive charge is set off, the snap ring shears permitting the piston 180 to engage with the shaft end 194 to prevent rebound of the steering wheel. The shortenable steering assemblies may be used with a bag which is rapidly inflated during a collision to cushion forward movement of a vehicle occupant. |
