| 摘要 |
<p>Oil of turpentine is extd. from Coniferae and pine-wood pieces by alkaline extn. and subsequent steam distn. The wood is steeped in dilute, aq. alkaline soln. in an extn. vessel. Soln. temp. is gradually increased to 92 degrees C by introducing steam. Outlet valve of extn. vessel is then shut. Further steam is pushed into extn. vessel. Steam introduction is interrupted when extn. soln. reaches 100-115 (pref. 115) degrees C. Oil of turpentine is distilled off with steam through over-press achieved. Oil of turpentine is used as solvent; synthesis raw material; therapeutic cpd. e.g. as stimulant, and in prepn. of oils, fats, resins, dyes, varnishes, synthetic camphor deodorants and insecticides. Treated wood resists deformation and can be used for building and furniture. The oil of turpentine, obtd. in 1.5% max. yield, is highly pure. Oil of turpentine and colophony are recovered simultaneously and completely sepd. from one another. Colophony is dissolved as alkali salt, whereas oil of turpentine is insoluble in alkali. Escape of steam is prevented.</p> |
