| 摘要 |
1463902 Electrokinetic streaming current measurement, characterizing biological material GENERAL ELECTRIC CO 2 May 1974 [2 July 1972] 19359/74 Heading G1N Electrokinetic streaming current measurement is carried out in apparatus which oscillates an electrolyte in opposite directions alternately through a flow constriction and measures the current between electrodes mounted in the electrolyte on each side of the constriction. The constriction is preferably a capillary tube 11 and when the inside of this tube is coated with a biological material, the variation of the potential obtained by amplifying and rectifying the streaming current with electrolyte pH is characteristic of the biological material. Addition of a second biological material to the tube and subsequent determination of the potential-pH curve determines whether the materials have reacted since, if they have, the curve will characterize the second material which now coats the first. As shown, the capillary 11 is removably connected to electrolyte chambers 12, 13 by seals 11a, 11b. Oscillation of the electrolyte is produced by reciprocation of the pistons in cylinders 18, 19 which connect to the electrolyte chambers by pneumatic couplings 10. The oscillation frequency is between 0À3 and 2À0 Hz which ensures turbulent flow in the tube. Reversible electrodes e.g. platinum gold, silver and silver/silver chloride in the electrolyte chambers are connected to an amplifier 24 for the A.C. current generated, rectifier 26 and recorder 27. In operation, the initially coated tube 11 is inserted into the apparatus, the electrolyte chambers are filled through the associated valves and the voltage is measured at different electrolyte pH values. The pH is controlled externally by a glass measuring electrode in a titration system. Valves 28 and 29 then close the ends of the tube, the valves in tubes 33, 34 are opened and after rinsing, the second material is passed into the tube and lift for a time before rinsing. The new pH/voltage curve is then determined. The tube may be glass, optionally with a surface methylation, omination, octadecylation or silicone coating treatment or may be polyethylene. The first layer may be chemically bonded to the tube. Various biological materials which may be used as coatings are disclosed. In particular the apparatus may be used for antigen-antibody tests; measuring the compatibility of biological and non biological materials, identifying biological materials and for detecting hormones, enzymes and metabolites by the immune assay procedure.
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