Verfahren zur Entsorgung gefährlicher oder hochenergetischer Materialien sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens

摘要

The invention relates to a method for disposing of hazardous and high-energy materials. According to the inventive method, these hazardous and high-energy materials are introduced into the interior of a pressure-proof housing (2) which is additionally charged with bulk material, for example in the form of steel or ceramic balls. The mixture of bulk material and material to be disposed of forms a fluidized bed (16) within the pressure-proof housing (2). Said fluidized bed fills the pressure-proof housing (2) always in substantially the same manner in a dynamic balance between supply and discharge. The reaction by which the hazardous and high-energy materials are converted to harmless substances is optionally initiated by a specific device, for example a fuse (18), at a defined distance to the surface in the interior of the fluidized bed (16). In the course of said reaction, the fluidized bed (16) absorbs thermal and mechanical energy that is released during the reaction. After having passed the fluidized bed (16), the reaction is entirely completed so that a mixture of bulk material and residuals stemming from the reaction can be removed from the bottom of the fluidized bed (16). The invention provides a continuous and risk-free method of disposing of such materials. For reactions that are initiated by the addition of heat it even can be carried out in an energy-saving manner due to the storage effect of the bulk material.