Multi-stage plasma reactor system with hollow cathodes for cracking carbonaceous material

摘要

Disclosed is a multi-stage plasma reactor system with hollow cathodes for cracking carbonaceous material with each stage comprising: hollow cathodes and hollow anodes cooled by recycling cooling medium or refrigerant; working gas inlet(s); inlet(s) of carbonaceous material and carrier gas as feedstock; reaction tubes in connection with the anode or cathode, in addition, the reactor system also comprises: at least one inlet(s) of quench medium located lower portion of last one of the reaction tubes; and at least one outlet(s) of quenched products and gases located on bottom or lower portion of last one of the reaction tubes, wherein chambers are formed between the first hollow cathode or the hollow cathode used as the reaction tube of any stage and the anode so as to generate plasma gas and/or electric arc therein, generated plasma gas jet fully contacts and efficiently mixes with the carbonaceous material and carrier gas as feedstock and/or volatiles caused by pyrolysis within or nearby highest temperature region of the chambers, and pyrolysis of the carbonaceous material and/or gas-phase reaction of volatiles are occurred. The present reactor system has excellent energy efficiency and higher cracked products yield.

主权项

1. A multi-stage plasma reactor system with hollow cathodes for cracking carbonaceous material comprising multiple stages, wherein each stage comprises:
a hollow cathode and anode cooled by recycling cooling medium or refrigerant, wherein a chamber is formed between the hollow cathode and the anode, and at least a portion of the hollow cathode is positioned within the inner space of the anode; at least one working gas inlet for working gas between the outer surface of the hollow cathode or anode and the interior surface of the hollow anode or cathode so the working gas can enter the chamber; at least one feedstock inlet for carbonaceous material and carrier gas as feedstock located in one end of the hollow cathode or anode going into the chamber, wherein a hollow passage of the hollow cathode or anode is positioned to deliver the carbonaceous material and carrier gas as feedstock and/or volatile caused by pyrolysis which goes through the hollow passage into the chamber via the at least one feedstock inlet of carbonaceous material and carrier gas as feedstock; and a reaction tube formed by the hollow anode or cathode, the reactor system also comprising:
at least one quench medium inlet of quench medium for quenching or freezing of reaction products located in the lower portion of the last reaction tube; andat least one outlet of quenched products and gases located on the bottom or lower portion of the last reaction tube;wherein plasma gas and/or electric arc is generated in the chamber formed between the hollow cathode of the first stage or the hollow cathode of any stage used as the reaction tube of the next highest stage and the hollow anode, the working gas going through the electric arc forming a region between the hollow cathode and anode so as to generate plasma gas which then contacts and mixes with the carbonaceous material and carrier gas as feedstock and/or volatile caused by pyrolysis, entering the chamber by going through the hollow passage of the hollow cathode within or nearby the highest temperature region of the chamber, and pyrolysis of the carbonaceous material and gas-phase reaction of the volatile occurs.