| 摘要 |
FIELD: safety systems.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to safety systems in emergency situations and may be applied for explosion protection of buildings and structures, and also process equipment. Test bench includes blasting chamber, with hole covered with easily separated, self-breaking element in upper base of therein, which chamber represents metal vessel, and area of hole can be changed by screwing-in replaceable rings. At that, separable element overlaps hole in ring, whereupon protective screen is fixed, and second hole is overlapped by valve which presses against hole by means of electromagnet, and valve is opened using spring when contacts are open, contact pressure of valve and spring compression are set so that total force is equal to admissible pressure multiplied by area of valve opening. Traction force of electromagnet can be varied by varying current through rheostat, by means of movable contact on rheostat, and for measurement of electromagnet force and spring compression there is parallel device for electromagnetic valve is provided, wherein current value of electromagnet is adjusted by the same rheostat via switching contacts. There is plug-evaporator for formation of steam-and-air explosive mixture in chamber, in which by means of burette required amount of flammable liquid is introduced. Plug is screwed so that vapours of liquid come into explosive chamber through openings in walls of plug-evaporator and, being mixed with air, form explosive mix ignited with electric spark from inductance coil. In one of end walls of blasting chamber there is hole for fitting in which tube is fixed from blower, shut by tap, and in other, oppositely disposed end wall of blasting chamber there is hole for fitting to tube, shut by tap, which serves to maintain atmospheric pressure in chamber during evaporation of liquid, while area of opening can be changed by screwing-in replaceable rings, and separable element covers hole in ring, whereupon protective screen is fixed. Easily separable element contains metal armored frame with metallic armored lining and filler, wherein at frame ends there are four fixed support pipes, and in coating of explosive object rigidly set four bearing rods that telescopically inserted into fixed support pipes of panel, while filler is composed of air-lead dispersion system, lead is made in form of chips, and support bars are made resilient. To support rods of easily separable element, telescopically inserted into fixed support pipes, which are fixed to panels, to which stop sheets are welded in order to fix extreme position of panel, damping plate is mounted, whereto, opposite to panel and in shock wave direction, buffer device is attached, made in form of cone, which vertex is located on axis of opening.EFFECT: higher protection efficiency of buildings and structures, and also process equipment against explosions.1 cl, 4 dwg |
