The separator consists of a collector pipe (1) plugged onto the powder inhaler and possessing an orifice (3) and centrifugal separator (2,6) positioned in the collector pipe. The centrifugal separator has at least one swirl-inducing surface (2). The heavier coarse particles of dust are separated into the inner wall of the collector pipe while the lighter fine dust particles reach the orifice by a current confined to the area of the pipe's axis. The flow resistance of the centrifugal separator is between 0.3 and 2 mbar with an inhalation current of 60 l/min.