| 摘要 |
1444341 Nitrating alcohols DEFENCE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR 19 March 1963 [19 Dec 1961] 45545/61 Heading C2C A nitric ester is manufactured by reacting together an alcohol and a nitrating acid in the presence of an inert highly halogenated hydrocarbon containing fluorine which is a solvent for the nitric ester product and has a boiling point below that of the product; a sufficient quantity of the solvent is present to ensure that the reaction temperature is below the boiling point of the solvent and to ensure a safe degree of dilution of the product. Suitable fluoro-compounds perfluorocyclopentane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorofluoromethane, 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane, and trichlorotrifluoroethane, alone or mixed with one another. Examples describe (1) the nitration of triethylene glycol to form triethylene glycol dinitrate and (2) the nitration of diethylene glycol to form diethylene glycol dinitrate. Reference is also made to the manufacture of nitroglycerin and the nitration of isopropyl alcohol, trimethylene glycol, and pentaerythritol. Apparatus for carrying out the process continuously is shown diagrammatically. The reactants dispersed in the solvent are fed separately at controlled rates to a reaction tube; the heat of reaction evaporates part of the solvent which is separated in a cyclone-shaped vessel and condensed.
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