Multifunctional porous aramids (aerogels), fabrication thereof, and catalytic compositions derived therefrom

摘要

The present disclosure provides a series of new and improved porous polyamide aerogels derived from multifunctional aromatics that combine the high mechanical strength of aramids with the pore structure of aerogels. The polyamide aerogels have a hyperbranched structure, relatively low density, high porosity and may be derived from functionalized monomers having more aromatic groups than functional groups. The present disclosure also provides a new method for producing the porous polyamide aerogels by polymerizing an aromatic multifunctional carboxylic acid or a ferrocene multifunctional carboxylic acid with a polyfunctional aromatic isocyanate at moderate reaction conditions followed by drying with liquid CO2. Also disclosed are various methods of use of these polyamide aerogels in a variety of applications, particularly in the generation of various precious metal catalysts. Thus, monolithic nanoporous carbon-supported Fe, Au, Pt, Pd, Co, Ni, Ru, and Rh catalysts are disclosed herein, which are derived by pyrolysis and transmetalation via galvanic replacement of ferrocene-based polyamide aerogels.

主权项

1. A composition of matter comprising a carbonizable polymeric aerogel incorporating ferrocene in every repeating unit, wherein said polymeric aerogel comprises the following repeating units:wherein:
G represents a group selected from aryl, (aryl)-R-(aryl), and (aryl)-R-(aryl)2; where each aryl independently represents an optionally substituted aromatic ring; and where R is a bond or a C1-C6 straight chain or branched chain alkyl group; G2 represents a ferrocenyl moiety; (*) denotes a linkage point; andwherein the polymeric aerogel includes a mixture of polyamide and polyurea.