METHOD FOR COMPREHENSIVELY PROCESSING BROWN COAL AND LEONARDITE INTO HUMIC FERTILIZERS AND PREPARATIONS AND INTO FUEL BRIQUETTES, AND MECHANOCHEMICAL REACTOR FOR PROCESSING HIGHLY-VISCOUS MEDIA

摘要

A method for comprehensively processing coal-type caustobiolites, predominantly brown coal and leonardite, into humic organic and organomineral fertilizers and intor preparations producing fuel briquettes, including carrying out main processes in a continuous flow; carrying out leaching processes based on aqueous solutions with hydromodules of close to 2, carrying out acidification processes with the formation of humic acid released from a liquid phase into a heavy phase of a coagulated pulp, carrying out mechanical phase separation processes in a centrifugal field, carrying out liquid-phase mechanoactivation and the dispersion of reaction compositions via grinding, using residual “water” in recycling, and including the production of water-soluble humic acids and fuel briquettes and allowing for the production of a wide range of products; preliminarily grinding raw materials to a 03 mm class, and cleaning and electrochemically softening water in preparing reaction aqueous solutions; using a liquid-phase raw material oxidation process, and using liquid-phase mechanoactivation and/or mechanochemical activation, with the dispersion of reaction compositions by means of grinding and by means of dynamically shifting layers having statistical shift rate components, of a medium to be processed, which range from single-digit meters per second to tens of meters per second; accompanying said mechanoactivation with the dosed input into said medium of 1040 MJ of mechanical energy per cubic meter, with the stabilization of said dosing regardless of the drift of all other parameters in said medium to be processed; wherein, said grinding and shifting processes are formed by means of statistical and dynamic characteristics; in this way, a dynamic hydro-pulse effect on a medium to be processed is carried out within a range of frequencies floating between infrasound and frequencies bordering on ultrasound, wherein the processing is carried out beginning with higher frequencies; in addition, providing for automatically maintaining maximum parameters for inputting mechanical energy into the medium to be processed, while automatically restricting same within a sub-cavitation zone in order to prevent the transition of the mechanochemical reactors into cavitation modes.

主权项

1. A method of comprehensive conversion of coal series caustobioliths, mostly brown coals and leonardite, into humic organic and organomineral fertilizers and into preparations with fuel briquettes being obtained including the performance of the key processes in continuous flows; the use of leaching processes on the basis of water solutions with the duty of water curve around 2, the use of acidizing processes with the withdrawal of humic acids from the liquid phase to the heavy phase (coagulated pulp), the use of the processes of mechanical phase division in the centrifugal field, the use of liquid-phase mechanoactivation and dispersion of reaction compositions by chafing, the use of the residual “water” in recycles and including water-soluble humic acids and fuel briquettes being obtained, different in the fact that, to ensure the production of a wide product range, the raw material is ground in advance to 0 . . . 3 mm grade, and to prepare reaction water solutions, water is purified and electrochemically softened; the process of raw material liquid-phase oxidation is applied, and liquid-phase mechanoactivation and/or mechanochemical activation with the dispersion of reaction compositions by chafing and dynamic shift of the layers with the static components of the shift speed ranging from several to tens of meters per second of the medium being converted is applied, this mechanoactivation being accompanied by the metered introduction of 10 to 40 MJ per cubic meter of energy into this medium, this metering stabilized regardless of the drift of all the other parameters in this medium being converted; in this case, the chafing and shift processes specified are formed by means of static and dynamic characteristics; for instance, the dynamic (hydraulic impulse) impact on the medium being converted is made within the varying frequency range from infrasound to frequencies bordering on ultrasound; in this case, the conversion specified is also started with the higher frequencies; in this case, the automatic maintenance of the maximum parameters of mechanical energy introduction into the medium being converted is ensured with its automatic limitation in the sub-cavitation area with a view to preventing the mechanochemical reactors from “falling” into cavitation modes.