| 摘要 |
Described herein is an apparatus for the synthesis of ammonia from a synthesis gas containing N2 and H2, comprising at least one first reactor. The apparatus comprises a first non-cooled catalyst bed unit, at least one heat exchanger apparatus, and at least two cooled catalyst bed units. Each cooled catalyst bed unit is equipped with a plurality of cooling pipes. The apparatus further comprises a circuit line having at least one feed apparatus and at least one outlet apparatus, wherein the circuit line, starting from the feed apparatus, comprises in consecutive downstream arrangement the plurality of cooling pipes, the first non-cooled catalyst bed unit, the at least one heat exchanger apparatus, and the at least two cooled catalyst bed units up to the outlet apparatus. To this end, the circuit line comprises at least one bypass line, which is arranged between the feed apparatus and the first non-cooled catalyst bed unit in parallel to the plurality of cooling pipes running through the at least two cooled catalyst bed units. The invention further provides a method for the synthesis of ammonia from a synthesis gas containing N2 and H2. |
| 主权项 |
1. An apparatus for the synthesis of ammonia from a synthesis gas containing N2 and H2 having at least one first reactor, wherein the apparatus comprises:
(a) an uncooled catalyst bed unit, (b) a heat exchanger apparatus, (c) at least two cooled catalyst bed units, wherein each cooled catalyst bed unit comprises a plurality of cooling pipes, wherein the plurality of cooling pipes in each cooled catalyst bed unit is arranged within each cooled catalyst bed unit to provide cooling for the cooled catalyst bed unit, (d) a feed apparatus, (e) an outlet apparatus, (f) a circuit line, and (g) a bypass line, wherein the circuit line connects the following elements from upstream to downstream: (1) the feed apparatus (2) the pluralities of cooling pipes, wherein an outlet end of each of the pluralities of cooling pipes is connected to an exit collection apparatus, wherein the exit collection apparatus is connected to either
(i) an inlet end of the next successive downstream plurality of cooling pipes, or(ii) an inlet end of the uncooled catalyst bed unit, (3) the uncooled catalyst bed unit, (4) the heat exchanger apparatus, (5) the at least two cooled catalyst bed units, and (6) the outlet apparatus, wherein the bypass line is connected upstream to the feed apparatus and downstream to one or more of the exit collection apparatuses of the pluralities of cooling pipes, and wherein the bypass line is arranged in parallel to the circuit line, wherein the bypass line is equipped with a control device, wherein the control device is functionally connected to a distributor device, wherein at least one connection between the bypass line and an exit collection apparatus of a plurality of cooling pipes is made by the distributor device, wherein the distributor device controls a feed rate of the synthesis gas from the bypass line to the exit collection apparatus of the plurality of cooling pipes, and wherein the control device is a regulation device and is coupled to a sensor for the recording of a parameter functionally for the regulation of the distributor device, wherein the parameter is an exit temperature of the at least two cooled catalyst bed units, wherein the sensor is located downstream from a cooled catalyst bed unit of the at least two cooled catalyst bed units. |
