ANISOTROPIC MUSCULAR TISSUE DEVICES WITH INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL FORCE READOUTS

摘要

Embodiments described herein are directed to devices for supporting growth of anisotropic muscle tissue layers and in vitro readout and quantification of force generated by the tissue layers using one or more strain- sensing elements integrated into the device. Embodiments also include multiplexed apparatuses of multiple independent devices, methods of fabricating the devices and apparatuses, and methods of using the devices and apparatuses.