| 摘要 |
The part load method controls delivery of diluent fluid, fuel fluid, and oxidant fluid in thermodynamic cycles using diluent, to increase the Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) and thermal efficiency in part load operation above that obtained by relevant art part load operation of Brayton cycles, fogged Brayton cycles, or cycles operating with some steam delivery, or with maximum steam delivery. The part load method may control the TIT at the design level by controlling one or both of liquid and/or gaseous fluid water over a range from full load to less than 45% load. This extends operation to lower operating loads while providing higher efficiencies and lower operating costs using water, steam and/or CO2 as diluents, than in simple cycle operation. |
| 主权项 |
1. A method of controlling fluid delivery in an energy conversion system at a part load below a prescribed design load, the energy conversion system having a thermal efficiency, and a relative oxidant to fuel ratio Lambda of the oxidant fluid to fuel ratio divided by the stoichiometric oxidant fluid to fuel ratio,
and having, in serial fluid communication, each with an inlet and outlet, an oxidant pressurizer with an inlet area and prescribed pressurizer stall limit, a combustor, an expander with an expander throat area and design Mach number, a control location upstream of the expander outlet, and downstream of the combustor inlet, a hot section component having a prescribed Design Component Temperature (TCD) for a design life and a higher Critical Component Temperature (TC) for a reduced life, and a heat exchange system operable to superheat a diluent; the method comprising: delivering, mixing, and combusting within the combustor a fuel fluid comprising a fuel and an oxidant fluid comprising an oxidant and an oxidiluent, whereby forming products of combustion; delivering evaporated diluent comprising superheated diluent directly into the combustor, delivering liquid diluent directly into the combustor, wherein the evaporated diluent and the liquid diluent are delivered separately into the combustor whereby forming an energetic fluid comprising products of combustion and diluent vapor; expanding the energetic fluid, recovering heat from the expanded energetic fluid into a diluent fluid in the heat exchange system, whereby forming cooled expanded fluid and superheated diluent; the control location having a design temperature (TD), which is the highest temperature for the design life using only fuel fluid, oxidant and oxydiluent delivery, an emergency temperature (TE) that is greater than the TD for the reduced life, and a Vapor Air Steam Turbine (VAST) Cycle minimum operating temperature (TVM), which is set at a safety increment above a combustion lean limit flame out temperature; maintaining a temperature of the control location, at the part load, above the TD and below the TE, by controlling nonlinearly relative to the part load, upstream of the control location, the delivery of the fuel fluid, the oxidant fluid, the evaporated diluent and the liquid diluent; extracting a power from the expander at the part load; and controlling the fuel fluid delivery and the nonlinear liquid diluent delivery to maintain a combustor inlet pressure less than the prescribed pressurizer stall limit while maintaining Lambda between 1 and 2.56. |
