METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR THE APPLICATION OF ENSEMBLE WAVEFORMS USING TRANSDERMAL NEUROSTIMULATION

摘要

Methods and apparatuses for electrical stimulation (e.g., neurostimulation) of a subject using ensemble waveforms that is made up of a sequence of different component waveforms each having predetermined waveform components (e.g., current amplitude, frequency, percent duty cycle, percent charge imbalance), in which one or more of these waveform components is changed between sequential component waveforms in the sequence forming the ensemble waveform delivered by transdermal electrical stimulation (TES). The ensemble waveforms described herein may be particularly effective at evoking a desired cognitive state by TES. Also described herein are methods of modulating the ensemble waveforms (e.g., by amplitude modulation) to enhance their efficiency and effectiveness. Methods and apparatuses for controlling the application of ensemble waveforms using TES by a neurostimulator, including streamlined communication of component waveforms between the neurostimulator and a separate controller are also described.