| 摘要 |
<p>Anionic catalytic polymerisation of lactam(s) is in presence of a substd. carbamate of formula C6H5-C(R')=N-O-CO-NH-R" (I) or (C6H5-C(R')=N-O-CO-NH-)2.(CH2)n (II), where R' is C6H5 or CH3; R" is C6H5 or 1-6C alkyl; and n = 1-6, as promoter. The catalyst is lactam-N-anions obtd., e.g. from a lactam-metal cpd. with a metal atom on the N, e.g. Na caprolactam. The amt. is 5-10 (0.1-5) mols.% w.r.t. monomer(s). Promoters include (I) (R' = R" = C6H5) and (II) (R' = C6H5; n = 6). The amt. is esp. 0.1-2 mols.% w.r.t. lactam(s). The lactams are 4-16C. Polymerisation is at 90-250 deg.C. esp. at an initial temp. of 90-150 deg.C. with an increase to 200-215 deg.C. Polymerisation at between the m.pt. of the lactam and the m.pt. of the polymer gives a moulded shape corresp. in dimensions to the reaction chamber. The properties may be varied by addn. to the monomer(s) of, e.g., dyes, fillers, natural and/or synthetic fibres or threads, and macromol. prods., e.g.polystyrene, poly-HCHO, polypropylene, polyethers, polyamides, or condensation prods. of aldehydes with phenol, melamine and/ore urea. Cellular prods. can be formed by addn. of blowing agents, e.g. hydrocarbons. Polymerisation time is short, esp. less than 10 mins.</p> |
