| 摘要 |
1347545 Vacuum distillation apparatus; desalination of water J G HASSLACHER 16 July 1971 [14 Aug 1970] 33447/71 Heading BIB Liquid, e.g. saline water, is submitted to distillation in frusto-conical housing 101 which is vertically divided by wall 107 into a heating compartment 105 and a distillate compartment 106, the housing being surmounted by vent 110 and being connected by conduits 117 and 119 to a valve-pump system 118 for supplying saline water to the housing, withdrawing distilled water, and discharging brine. Before a distillation operation is carried out, vent valve 111 is opened and the housing is filled with distilled water (from a previous operation) to expel all gases from the interior, whereupon valve 111 is closed. The distilled water is then drained out until the liquid-level in compartments 105 and 106 is below the top of wall 107. The interior of the housing is now under reduced pressure. The liquid in compartment 105 is set boiling by heating-coil 112 which, together with condenser coil 115, are connected to a heat-pump 114. The distillate formed on coil 115 is collected in compartment 106. Saline water is pumped to compartment 105 through conduits 121 and 117; and distilled water is withdrawn from compartment 106 through conduits 119 and 122. The heat pump 114 need not be employed; for heating and cooling may be provided by other means. For example, compartment 105 may be supplied with waste heat from a nuclear reactor, or it may be associated with a solar heater. A fan may be installed above wall 107 to increase the circulation of vapour from compartment 105 to coil 115. The housing may be made of concrete or steel. Coil 112, and other parts subject to deposition, may be coated with polytetrafluoroethylene. Buoyant and non-buoyant spheres may be provided in compartment 105 in order to prevent "bumping". Fig. 4 shows an apparatus where the feed liquid is drawn into the heating compartment through immersed nozzles 429 whereby the surface area of the boiling liquid is increased. The valves of valvepump system 118 may be controlled by electric power; and both feed and distillate compartments have indivdual monitors capable of sending out electric signals to determine the purity of the distillate. Two embodiments of valve-pump system are disclosed on Figs. 5 and 6 (not shown). |
