主权项 |
1. An internal combustion engine comprising:
at least one cylinder, each cylinder having a combustion chamber, a piston, an air intake valve, and an exhaust valve, a mechanical compression ratio in each cylinder being greater than 12:1 and less than 40:1; an air intake track in communication with each air intake valve; an exhaust track in communication with each exhaust valve; a fuel handling system with at least one fuel injector for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber or intake track, the fuel handing system providing an air to fuel ratio having a ratio of air to fuel (λ) greater than 1 and less than 7.0; an ignition system for igniting the fuel in the combustion chamber at an end portion of a compression stroke of the piston; a water injection system comprising a water injector for introducing an amount of water into the combustion chamber, and a water reservoir in fluid communication with the water injector, the water injector being arranged to inject a controlled amount of liquid water stored in the water reservoir into the combustion chamber or intake track; and an external cooling system comprising a radiator and coolant, the external cooling system being configured to maintain a coolant temperature of between about 91° C. and about 200° C. |