Surface-controlled lithium ion-exchanging energy storage device

摘要

A surface-controlled, lithium ion-exchanging battery device comprising: (a) A positive electrode (cathode) comprising a first functional material having a first lithium-capturing or lithium-storing surface; (b) A negative electrode (anode) comprising a second functional material having a second lithium-capturing or lithium-storing surface; (c) A porous separator disposed between the two electrodes, and (d) A lithium-containing electrolyte (preferably liquid or gel electrolyte) in physical contact with the two electrodes; wherein at least one of the two electrodes contains therein a lithium source (e.g., lithium foil, lithium powder, stabilized lithium particles, etc) prior to the first charge or the first discharge cycle of the battery device. This new generation of energy storage device exhibits the best properties of both the lithium ion battery and the supercapacitor.

主权项

1. A surface-controlled, lithium ion-exchanging battery device comprising:
(a) a positive electrode consisting of a first functional material having a first lithium-capturing or lithium-storing surface to store lithium ions or atoms thereon, wherein said first functional material is selected from the group consisting of: (A) a disordered carbon material selected from a soft carbon, hard carbon, polymeric carbon or carbonized resin, meso-phase carbon, coke, carbonized pitch, carbon black, activated carbon, or partially graphitized carbon; (B) a nano graphene platelet selected from a single-layer graphene sheet or multi-layer graphene platelet; (C) a metal oxide nano-wire or fiber, conductive polymer nano-fiber, or a combination thereof; (D) a carbonyl-containing organic or polymeric molecule selected from the group consisting of Poly(2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone-3,6-methylene), LixC6O6, wherein x=1-3, Li2(C6H2O4), Li2C8H4O4, Li2C6H4O4, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylicacid-dianhydride sulfide polymer, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylicacid-dianhydride, Benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinon, Tetrahydroxy-p-benzoquinone, and combinations thereof; (E) combinations thereof, (b) a negative electrode consisting of a lithium source prior to a first discharge cycle of the battery device and a second functional material having a second lithium-capturing or lithium-storing surface to store lithium ions or atoms thereon, wherein said second functional material is selected from the group consisting of: (A) a disordered carbon material selected from a soft carbon, hard carbon, polymeric carbon or carbonized resin, meso-phase carbon, coke, carbonized pitch, carbon black, activated carbon, or partially graphitized carbon; (B) a nano graphene platelet selected from a single-layer graphene sheet or multi-layer graphene platelet; (C) a metal oxide nano-wire or fiber, conductive polymer nano-fiber, or a combination thereof; (D) a carbonyl-containing organic or polymeric molecule selected from the group consisting of Poly(2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone-3,6-methylene), LixC6O6, wherein x=1-3, Li2(C6H2O4), Li2C8H4O4, Li2C6H4O4, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylicacid-dianhydride sulfide polymer, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylicacid-dianhydride, Benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinon, Tetrahydroxy-p-benzoquinone, and combinations thereof; and (E) combinations thereof, (c) a porous separator disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and (d) a lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode,wherein an operation of said surface-controlled, lithium ion-exchanging battery device does not require solid state diffusion of lithium in both said negative electrode and said positive electrode.