Device and method for generating a targeted realistic motion of particles along shortest paths with respect to arbitrary distance weightings for simulations of flows of people and objects

摘要

A system for controlling motions of a plurality of particles in a spatial area with at least one target and at least one obstacle, has a first detection device for detecting positions of the particles at a starting time; predicting a future path search of the particles occurs by way of a computer device, wherein the region has been superimposed by a cell grid and each cell takes on various occupation and total potential states, and each cell is associated with a target potential determining how particles are attracted to a target, and is associated with an obstacle potential determining how particles are repelled by an obstacle, and wherein each particle is associated with a particle potential, wherein a total potential in a cell is made up of the values of the target potential and the obstacle potential in the cell and the particle potentials of particles in cells adjacent to the cell, and particles each change from a cell into an adjacent cell having a least total potential, and additionally, starting from a target to each cell, the target potential for each cell is calculated using a length of the shortest distance from the cell to each cell center point. A central controller controls the motions of the particles in case of forecast critical situations.

主权项

1. A system for controlling motions of a multiplicity of particles in a spatial region having at least one target and at least one obstacle, the system comprising:
a first detection device for detecting positions of the particles at a starting time; a computer device configured to predict a future path of the particles, wherein a cell grid is superimposed on the region and each cell takes on various occupation and total potential states, and each cell is assigned a target potential determining how particles are attracted to the at least one target, and an obstacle potential is assigned determining how particles are repelled by an obstacle, and wherein each particle is assigned a particle potential, wherein a total potential in a cell is made up of the values of the target potential and the obstacle potential in the cell and the particle potentials of particles in cells adjacent to the cell, and particles each change from a cell into an adjacent cell having a least total potential, and additionally, starting from a target to each cell, the target potential for each cell has been calculated using a length of a shortest future path of a particle to the target of a respective cell center point; wherein said computer device locally calculates a direction of a greatest change in magnitude of the target potential as the direction of the shortest path to the target, and based on the information thus obtained approximates a realistic motion along the shortest path over the cell grid by way of a direction correction; a central controller for controlling the motions of the particles in case of a forecast critical situation; and the system being configured for: considering an adjacent cell with a smallest target potential value and additionally two adjacent cells to the left and right of the adjacent cell with the smallest target potential value for direction correction starting from a current cell; establishing for each of the three adjacent cells a normal deviation nΔ at right angles to the direction of the shortest path, starting from the local direction of the shortest path of a cell center point of the current cell, a normal deviation nΔ having a direction-dependent sign in each case; establishing a sum NΔ of all normal deviations nΔ from the previous steps of an respective particle; and selecting the adjacent cell acting as the next cell for the particle in such a way that the absolute value of the sum NΔ of all previous steps of the particle, including the normal deviation nΔ for this step, is minimal, with the direction correction occurring as a result of the selection.